Nine Tomorrows Essay Example For Students

Nine Tomorrows Essay Will PCs control people later on? Individuals consistently will in general search the easyway out searching for something that would make their carries on with simpler. Machines andtools have enabled us to accomplish more in less time giving us, at the sametime, more solace. As the innovation propels, PCs become quicker and morepowerful. These new machines are empowering us to accomplish more in less time making ourlives simpler. The expanded utilization of PCs later on, notwithstanding, might havenegative outcomes and effect on our lives. In the novel Nine Tomorrows IsaacAsimov regularly scrutinizes our dependence on PCs by depicting a futuristicworld where PCs control people. One of the pictures which Asimov describesin the book is that people may turn out to be excessively subject to PCs. In one ofthe stories, Profession, Asimov expounds on individuals being taught by computerprograms intended to instruct easily an individual. As per the Professionstory individuals would no longer peruse books to learn and improve their insight. Individuals would depend on the PCs instead of attempt to retain enough tomatch another person who knows (Nine Tomorrows, Profession 55). Individuals wouldnot decided to consider, they would just need to be taught by PC tapes. Placing in information would take less time than understanding books and memorizingsomething that would take basically no time utilizing a PC in the futuristicworld that Asimov portrays. People may started to depend on PCs and allowthem to control themselves by letting PCs instruct individuals. PCs wouldstart training people what PCs let them know without having any decision ofcreativity. PC ould begin to control people lives and make humansbecome excessively subject to the PCs. Another point that is condemned byAsimov is the way that individuals may underestimate their insight allowingcomputers to dominate and control their lives. In a story called The Feeling ofPower, Asimov depicts how individuals began utilizing PCs to do even simplemathematical counts. Over an extensive stretch of time individuals turned out to be so reliableon PCs that they overlooked the least complex duplication and division rules. Ifsomeone needed to compute an answer they would just utilize their pocketcomp uter to do that (The Feeling of Power 77). Individuals turned out to be too independentfrom the beginning creation them overlook what they have realized before. Individuals inthe story The Feeling of Power would underestimate what they have learnedover hundreds of years of learning and picked PCs in light of their capacity to dotheir work quicker. The absence of manual science, which individuals decided to forgetin the story, made PCs be the ones to fathom basic mathematicsproblems for the p le assuming responsibility for the people by accomplishing the work for them(The Feeling of Power 81-82). The dependence of PCs went to such an extentthat even Humans started to utilize PCs in all fields of study and work allowingcomputers to control their lives by dominating and thoroughly taking care of them. As indicated by another story in the book, Asimov likewise portrays how computerswould have the option to anticipate probabilities of an occasion, future. In the story All theTroubles of the World one major PC anticipated wrongdoing before it in any event, happened,allowing the police to take the individual who would perpetrate the wrongdoing andrelease him/her after the risk has passed (All The Troubles of The World144-145). This PC, called Multivac, controlled people by informing theauthorities regarding who would carry out a wrongdoing making somebody beimprisoned until the threat has passed. It was the PC that made thedecision of someones opportunity or detainment and that controlled others toarrest an individual it associated with carrying out a wrongdoing controlling his/her predetermination. .u1ede521f42f9aa13a972af5bb5779726 , .u1ede521f42f9aa13a972af5bb5779726 .postImageUrl , .u1ede521f42f9aa13a972af5bb5779726 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u1ede521f42f9aa13a972af5bb5779726 , .u1ede521f42f9aa13a972af5bb5779726:hover , .u1ede521f42f9aa13a972af5bb5779726:visited , .u1ede521f42f9aa13a972af5bb5779726:active { border:0!important; } .u1ede521f42f9aa13a972af5bb5779726 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u1ede521f42f9aa13a972af5bb5779726 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u1ede521f42f9aa13a972af5bb5779726:active , .u1ede521f42f9aa13a972af5bb5779726:hover { haziness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u1ede521f42f9aa13a972af5bb5779726 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: rel ative; } .u1ede521f42f9aa13a972af5bb5779726 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enhancement: underline; } .u1ede521f42f9aa13a972af5bb5779726 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u1ede521f42f9aa13a972af5bb5779726 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-embellishment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1ede521f42f9aa13a972af5bb5779726:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u1ede521f42f9aa13a972a f5bb5779726 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u1ede521f42f9aa13a972af5bb5779726-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u1ede521f42f9aa13a972af5bb5779726:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Abortion Essay ConclusionThe choice of detaining somebody for a wrongdoing an individual didn't submit was allin the hands of a PC. It was the PC that controlled people and theirdestiny and controlling different people who had confidence in everything that computertold them. Multivac couldn't just foresee the future yet it additionally could answermany questions that would ordinarily humiliate individuals in the event that they would need to asksomeone else about it. Multivac could get to its tremendous database of trillions ofpieces of information and locate the best answer for ones issue (All TheTroubles of The World 153). All the in dividuals accepted that Multivac knows the bestand permitted a PC to control their lives by following the solutionsMultivac had given them (All the Troubles of The World 153). People followed acomputers answer for a difficult they couldn't settle themselves permitting acomputer to assume responsibility for their lives not permitting them to think forthemselves. In the Nine Tomorrows, Isaac Asimov frequently condemns our dependence oncomputers. The creator predicts that PCs will build their job in thefuture while the innovation propels. PCs will turn out to be quicker and peoplewill need to utilize them more to make their carries on with simpler. However, much the same as to anygood side there is an awful side. Asimov reflects in his composing that people mightdepend on the PCs so much that they will permit them to control theirlives.

Amazon Case study

Question 1In what ways does Bezos’s choice to create and convey the Kindle and Kindle Fire show efficient and instinctive thinking?I feel that Bezo’s choice to create and to convey the Kindle show orderly and natural thoroughly considering serious procedure to guarantee the accomplishment of the organization. Serious methodology alludes to a technique that is intended to make an incentive for clients by giving lower costs or remarkable highlights not offered by rival associations. This is demonstrated dependent on Amazon’s quarterly recording finishing March 31,2010 when their net deals had expanded to 45% in the hardware classification. Jeff Bezo, CEO of Amazon.com says â€Å" as we keep on offering expanded choice, lower costs and extra product offerings inside our hardware and other general product classification, we hope to see the overall blend of deals from this classification increase!†Another reason would be seeing an open door no one but Amazon.co m can give long shape perusing to be digitalized. They have examined their qualities and limits that helped them build up another development in the market. From that point, they had the option to create a refined item called Kindle that can survey and recall more what an individual peruses follow individuals of intrigue and permits one to see their Public notes and deal with his books, features, and notes.Question 2How do you depict the serious hazard in Amazon’s condition as Wal-Mart, Barnes and Noble, and different retailers reinforce their web based offerings?Having the majority of the administrations that Amazon gives myself it is my go to put for each time I am attempting to make a buy. As I would see it, since Amazon has built up a lot of clients and being the one of the most sorted out and cordial online spot where you can buy for all intents and purposes anything, it will be difficult for different contenders to accomplish such outcomes. Likewise the best advantage t o certain individuals isn't paying assessments on the items that they buy which is as of now being neglected by the Government to have amazon costumers to pay a tax.Question 3Amazon is ceaselessly searching for new markets to abuse. As CEO Bezos addresses the vital chance of conveying gushing video, he approaches you for guidance. Amazon’s nearness and innovation are as of now settled in this market. Be that as it may, what choice blunder and traps may make him settle on an inappropriate choices in regards to Amazon’s future moves, and why? What would he be able to never really maintain a strategic distance from these mistakes?Question 4What are the most recent activities coming out of Amazon? How would they stack up corresponding to genuine or expected rivalry? How has the choice to create the Fire turned out? Is Bezos settling on the correct choices as he directs the firm through today’s numerous business challenges?Latest activities that are coming out, is Pr ime membership.The benefits include:FREE Two-Day Shipping on qualified things. Note: If the thing you're requesting is unavailable or inaccessible to dispatch, we'll get it to both of you days after it's back in stock. Make sure to confirm the cut time appeared on the detail page. Things are conveyed each day however Sunday, and requests over $1300 may require a signature.FREE Standard Shipping on qualified things. FREE No-Rush Delivery (run of the mill conveyance multi week in the wake of putting in a request). Note: You may get limited time kudos for choosing No-Rush Shipping. Credit will be consequently applied to your Amazon.com account once the principal bundle from a No-Rush Shipping-qualified request ships. You'll get an email when the credit is accessible. You may choose No-Rush Shipping the same number of times as it's offered to you, however you won't be qualified for the credit on the off chance that you drop your No-Rush Shipping request or return things from it.Shipping Upgrades to facilitate conveyance. Free Prime Instant Video access for paid or free preliminary individuals in the U.S. what's more, Puerto Rico. Note: Instant Video isn't accessible to clients getting free Amazon Prime delivery benefits through Amazon Student, Amazon Mom, or as visitors of another membership.Kindle Owners' Lending Library access to individuals in the U.S. For more data, go to Kindle Owners' Lending Library. Note: Customers in a paid participation, free preliminary or accepting a free month of Prime advantages with a Kindle Fire enactment are qualified. The Kindle gadget must be related with the Prime record that is qualified for the benefit.Early access for individuals in the U.S. to download another book for nothing consistently from the Kindle First picks. For more data, go to Kindle First.An evaluated 200 million fire tablets have been transported worldwide since 2009 and another 1 billion are anticipated to send throughout the following five years. Market insi ght firm ABI Research evaluates that 22% of the U.S. tablet clients burn through $50 or more every month and 9% burn through $100 or more †a lot higher than the spending levels watched for cell phone clients. The developing notoriety of Amazon’s Kindle Fire range could imply that a significant portion of this spending will be re-coordinated to Amazon’s online retail facades. Since Kindle gadgets are advanced to run on Amazon’s administrations, we anticipate that them should drive more prominent reception of Amazon’s administrations. We accept that the substance business involving eBooks and film/music gushing will be the greatest gainer from the trend.In my assessment he is disobediently making the correct moves particularly in todays business world.

Engineering Economics Free Essays

Eng ineeri ng Economy Third Edition Leland T. Clear, P. E. We will compose a custom exposition test on Building Economics or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Branch of Industrial Engineering Assistant Dean of Engineering Texas A M University Anthony J. Tarquin, P. E. Division of Civil Engineering Assistant Dean of Engineering The University of Texas at EI Paso McGraw-Hill Book Company New York S1. Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogota Caracas Colorado Springs Hamburg Lisbon London Madrid Mexico Milan Montreal New Delhi Oklahoma City Panama Paris San Juan Silo Paulo Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto 4 Level One 1. Characterize and perceive in an issue articulation the economy images P, F, A, n, and I. 1. 6 Define income, state what is implied by end-of-period show, and develop an income outline, given an announcement portraying the sum and times of the incomes. Study Guide 1. 1 Basic Terminology Before we start to build up the phrasing and central ideas whereupon designing economy is based, it is proper to characterize what is implied by designing economy. In the least difficult terms, designing economy is an assortment of scientific procedures which disentangle monetary examinations. With these strategies, a normal, important way to deal with assessing the financial parts of various techniques for achieving a given goal can be created. Designing economy is, in this way, a choice help device by which one technique will be picked as the most prudent one. With the end goal for you to have the option to apply the strategies, in any case, it is vital for you to comprehend the essential phrasing and key ideas that structure the establishment for designing economy contemplates. A portion of these terms and ideas are depicted underneath. An option is an independent answer for a give circumstance. We are confronted with choices in for all intents and purposes all that we do, from choosing the technique for transportation we use to get the opportunity to work each day to settling on purchasing a house or leasing one. So also, in designing practice, there are consistently seveffl methods of achieving a given errand, and it is important to have the option to look at them in a reasonable way so the most affordable option can be chosen. The options in building contemplations for the most part include such things as buy cost (first cost), the foreseen life of the advantage, the yearly expenses of keeping up the benefit (yearly upkeep and working cost), the foreseen resale esteem (rescue esteem), and the loan cost (pace of return). After the realities and all the pertinent assessments have been gathered, a designing economy investigation can be directed to figure out which is best from a financial perspective. In any case, it ought to be brought up that the techniques created in this book will empower you to settle on precise monetary choices just about those choices which have been perceived as choices; these strategies won't help you distinguish what the choices are. That is, if choices ,4, B, C, D, and E have been distinguished as the main potential strategies to take care of a Particular issue when strategy F, which was never perceived as another option, is actually the most appealing technique, an inappropriate choice is sure to be made on the grounds that elective F would never be picked, regardless of what systematic procedures are utilized. In this way, the significance of elective distinguishing proof in the dynamic procedure can't be overemphasized, in light of the fact that it is just when this part of the procedure has been altogether finished that the examination strategies introduced in this book can be of most prominent worth. So as to have the option to think about various strategies for achieving a given goal, it is important to have an assessment rule that can be utilized as a premise Terminology and Cash-Flow Diagrams 5 for making a decision about the other options. That is, the assessment rule is what is utilized to respond to the inquiry â€Å"How will I know which one is ideal? Regardless of whether we know about it or not, this inquiry is posed of us ordinarily every day. For instance, when we drive to work, we subliminally believe that we are taking the â€Å"best† course. Be that as it may, how could we characterize best? Was the best course the most secure, briefest, quickest, least expensive, generally grand, for sure? Clearly, contingent on which model is utilized to distinguish the best, an alternate course may be chosen each time! (Numerous contentions could have been evaded if the chiefs had just expressed the rules they were utilizing in deciding the best). In monetary examination, dollars are commonly utilized as the reason for correlation. Accordingly, when there are a few different ways of achieving a given target, the strategy that has the most reduced generally cost is typically chosen. In any case, much of the time the options include impalpable components, for example, the impact of a procedure change on representative resolve, which can't promptly be communicated as far as dollars. At the point when the choices accessible have around a similar proportionate expense, the nonquantifiable, or immaterial, elements might be utilized as the reason for choosing the best other option, For things of an elective which can be evaluated as far as dollars, it is essential to perceive the idea of the time estimation of cash. It is frequently said that cash brings in cash. The announcement is in reality evident, for on the off chance that we choose to put away cash today (for instance, in a bank or reserve funds and advance relationship), by tomorrow we will have gathered more cash than we had initially contributed. This adjustment in the measure of cash over a given timespan is known as the time estimation of cash; it is the most significant idea in designing economy. You ought to likewise understand that if an individual or organization thinks that its important to obtain cash today, by tomorrow more cash than the first advance will be owed. This reality is additionally clarified when estimation of cash. The indication of the time estimation of cash is named premium, which is a proportion of the expansion between the first total obtained or contributed and the last sum owed or collected. In this manner, in the event that you put cash previously, the premium would be Interest = aggregate sum gathered †unique venture (1. 1) On the other hand, on the off chance that you obtained would be Interest cash previously, the premium (1. 2) = present sum owed †unique credit In either case, there is an expansion in the measure of cash that was initially contributed or obtained, and the increment over the first sum is the premium. The first speculation or advance is alluded to as head. Probs. 1. 1 to 1. 4 1. 2 Interest Calculations When intrigue is communicated as a level of the first sum per unit time, the outcome is a loan fee. This rate is determined as follows: . Percent loan cost = intrigue collected per unit time 00% .. I x 1 0 origma sum (1. 3) 6 Level One By far the most well-known timeframe utilized for communicating financing costs is 1 year. In any case, since loan fees are regularly communicated over timeframes shorter than 1 year (I. e. 1% every month), the time unit utilized in communicating a financing cost should likewise be recognized and is named an intrigue period. The accompanying two models delineate the calculation of financing cost. Model 1. 1 The Get-Rich-Quick (GRQ) Company contributed $100,000 on May 1 and pulled back a sum of $106,000 precisely one year later. Register (a) the premium picked up from the first speculation and (b) the loan cost from the venture. Arrangement (a) Using E q. (1. 1), Interest = 106,000 †100,000 = $6000 (b) Equation (1. 3) is utilized to get Percent loan cost = 6000 every year 100,000 x 100% = 6% every year Remark For acquired cash, calculations are like those appeared above with the exception of that premium is registered by Eq. (1. 2). For instance, if GRQ obtained $100,000 now and reimbursed $110,000 in 1 year, utilizing Eq. (1. 2) we find that intrigue is $10,000, and the financing cost from Eq. (1. 3) is 10% every year. Model 1. 2 Joe Bilder plans to get $20,000 for 1 year at 15% intrigue. Process (a) the intrigue and (b) the aggregate sum due following 1 year. Arrangement (an) Equation (1. 3) might be fathomed for the intrigue accumulated to acquire Interest = 20,000(0. 15) = $3000 (b) Total sum due is the aggregate of head and intrigue or Total due Comment = 0,000 + 3000 = $23,000 Note that to a limited extent (b) over, the aggregate sum due may likewise be registered as Total due = principal(l + financing cost) = 20,000(1. 15) = $23,000 In every model the intrigue time frame was 1 year and the intrigue was determined toward the finish of one period. At the point when more than o ne yearly premium period is included (for instance, in the event that we had needed to know the measure of premium Joe Bilder would owe on Terminology and Cash-Flow Diagrams 7 the above advance following 3 years), it gets important to decide if the premium . payable on a basic or compound premise. The ideas of straightforward and accumulating funds are talked about in Sec. . 4. Extra Examples 1. 12 and 1. 13 Probs. 1. 5 to 1. 7 1. 3 Equivalence The time estimation of cash and loan fee used together produce the idea of identicalness, which implies that various aggregates of cash at various occasions can be equivalent in financial worth. For instance, if the loan fee is 12% every year, $100 today (I. e. , at present) would be proportionate to $112 one year from today, since mount accumulated = 100 =$112 Thus, in the event that somebody offered you an endowment of $100 today or $112 one year from today, it would have no effect which offer you acknowledged, since in either case you woul d have $112 one year from today. The two entireties of cash are along these lines comparable to one another when the loan fee is 12% every year. At either a higher or a lower loan fee, be that as it may, $100 today isn't comparable to $112 one year from today. Notwithstanding thinking about future identicalness, one can apply similar ideas for deciding comparability in earlier years. In this manner, $100 now would be proportional to 100/1. 12 = $89. 29 one year

Leadership in Practice (MSC Business and management) Assignment

Initiative in Practice (MSC Business and the board) - Assignment Example gled with the work and it had prompted a circumstance where pace of work had gotten more slow contrasted with what it was before the execution of the framework. The efficiency of the association had endured subsequently and the result was practically confusing. Absence of PC information and miscommunication between offices were the central factors that had prompted the contention. The representatives got disappointed unfit to finish their individual assignments not to mention the authoritative objectives. The business office was uncommonly late in transferring the reports which thusly postponed the promoting office in their game-plan. The ranking director was puzzled at the result and couldn't appreciate the manner by which this stalemate could be settled. The individual divisions accused each other for the postponement in work and this caused the entire association to endure. The subordinates began to accuse the senior administration and the workplace got sound. I was working in the showcasing division of Ledus Manufacturing. I accept that the initiative style was the administration was the primary explanation that had prompted this issue in any case. The thought was a novel one as quick working could bring about taking into account an enormous number of customers and improved the gainfulness of the association. I think the initiative style displayed by the CEO of the organization was basically a value-based one which depended on an objective prize based methodology without tending to the inside elements of the issues (Northouse, 2012). The CEO had unmistakably referenced the advantages that could be accomplished if the objectives could be met by the representatives. This was for the most part to persuade the representatives and assist them with accomplishing their individual objectives. The speculations of initiative express that, in value-based authority, the pioneer utilizes way objective system to accomplish authoritative objectives. For this situation the great issue was that reasonable orders were given to every one of the workers by characterizing their activity jobs yet the intrinsic

On the Idle Hill and The Drum Essays

On the Idle Hill and The Drum Essays On the Idle Hill and The Drum Paper On the Idle Hill and The Drum Paper Paper Topic: A. E. Housman Poems Verse War, in any shape or structure, influences individuals from numerous points of view. Numerous individuals decide to communicate their sentiments and encounters of war in sonnets. The two sonnets I have picked all have various states of mind, structures and rhythms yet their importance is no different war is savage, alarming and silly. The sonnet On the Idle Hill is by A. E. Housman (1859-1936). Housman composed the sonnet in 1896 and he was not expounding on a specific war yet simply the ghastliness of fight when all is said in done. Housman never participated in any war yet caught wind of the fear of it from different people groups encounters. The primary refrain depicts a tranquil, upbeat and a warm scene. Words, for example, summer, sluggish and streams accentuates this. Be that as it may, the consistent drummer slices through this serene climate. It is the sound of the military coming, searching for newcomers to do battle with them. The main refrain is by all accounts about the drum and how it calls individuals to war and tears them away from their homes. The line; Drumming like a commotion in dreams. Causes the drum to appear to be a bad dream, something everybody fears. In the subsequent stanza, the tone is part more troubled and darker. The expressions, Far and close and low and stronger are recommending war is all over the place, and can be seen in various levels everywhere throughout the world. Likely one of the most striking and ground-breaking lines in the sonnet, Dear to companions and nourishment for powder is stunning and adds an increasingly close to home topic to the sonnet, in light of the fact that the fighters are currently being viewed as companions, fathers and genuine individuals rather than just toys in war. The powder is black powder so the artist is indicating the way that the men are only nourishment for the war. The war is made to seem like a genuine living thing; this is a genuine case of embodiment. The last line of refrain two, Soldiers walking, all incredible. is discouraging and it accentuates the pointlessness and repulsiveness of war. The rhyme in On the Idle Hill is a b a b and it keeps a moderate, consistent mood all through the sonnet, giving a miserable, despairing tone to the sonnet. The structure is which the essayist has set out the sonnet, in four sections; it is powerful in light of the fact that every one discussions about an alternate part of war. This sonnet shows A. E. Housmans scorn of fight and how futile and merciless he thinks it is. War has clearly influenced him profoundly and we can see from his language all through the sonnet that he feels firmly about it. In the two sonnets, the two of them utilize comparable gadgets, for example, analogies, illustrations and embodiment. They were both set in the Pre 1914, the adequacy of the two sonnets have a major effect in view of these citations: Lovely chaps and dead and spoiled; for the Idle Hill and for the Drum its this: And consuming towns, and destroyed lovers, the two sonnets show the hopelessness of war and it impacts the peruser making them, feel progressively upset for the individuals that did battle and the individuals will think war isn't energetic however its unpatriotic. The social and social foundation for Drum and Idle Hill are between wars.

Hookah Smoking and Its Risks

Hookah Smoking and Its Risks Addiction Nicotine Use Print Hookah Smoking and Its Risks By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Armeen Poor, MD on January 27, 2020 Armeen Poor, MD, is a board-certified pulmonologist and intensivist. He specializes in pulmonary health, critical care, and sleep medicine. Learn about our Medical Review Board Armeen Poor, MD Updated on January 29, 2020 More in Addiction Nicotine Use After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery As of Dec. 20, 2019, the new legal age limit is 21 years old for purchasing cigarettes, cigars, or any other tobacco products in the U.S. Hookah smoking is often mistaken as a healthier alternative to cigarette smoking, primarily due to the sweet smell and taste of hookah tobacco, and the social aspect that usually leads to hookah smoking being only an occasional habit. But theres no such thing as a healthy smoking option, and hookah smoking can be just asâ€"if not moreâ€"dangerous as cigarette smoking. Illustration by Brianna Gilmartin, Verywell What Is Hookah? A  hookah is a water pipe that is used to smoke sweetened and flavored tobacco. Other names for hookah are narghile, argileh, shisha, hubble-bubble, and Goza. The pipe is usually quite large and consists of a water chamber, a tobacco chamber, and one  or more flexible tubes stemming from it that allow multiple smokers  to inhale at the same time. Hookah tobacco is often sweetened with molasses, fruit pulp, or honey, with additional flavor added like coconut, fruit flavors, mint, or coffee. These flavorings sweeten the taste and aroma of the  tobacco, making it especially appealing to young people.?? Hookah pipes have been in use for about 400 years, originating in India and Asia. In the early 1600s, Hakim Abdul Fath, a physician from India, invented the hookah, mistakenly believing the health hazards of tobacco smoke would be minimized by passing it through water before inhalation. In the 1990s, flavored tobacco became popular in the Eastern Mediterranean countries, and hookah use grew from there to eventually spread around the world. How the Hookah Works The tobacco chamber in a hookah consists of a bowl containing burning charcoal that is placed on top of the flavored tobacco. Charcoal is separated from tobacco by perforated aluminum foil. As the charcoal heats the tobacco below, smoke is created. When users draw on the stem (hose) of the hookah, the smoke is pulled through the water chamber, cooling it before being inhaled into the lungs. Toxins in Hookah It is a common misconception that smoking from a hookah removes  nicotine  and other  toxins from the tobacco.  While water-cooled smoke is less harsh on delicate lung tissue, the toxicity of the smoke is unchanged and the cancer-causing chemicals present in the hookah tobacco are not filtered out by this process.   Hookah smoke contains many of the same harmful chemicals in traditional cigarette smoke, including:?? Carbon monoxideTarArsenicChromiumCobaltCadmiumNickelFormaldehydeAcetaldehydeAcroleinLeadPolonium 210, a radioactive isotope Some hookah tobacco products claim they dont contain  tar, but that information is misleading. The fact is, no tobacco contains tar until it is burned, or in the case of hookah tobacco, heated. This difference leads some to believe that the toxicity of hookah tar may be less than that of cigarette tar, which is not the case. Additionally, the charcoal that is used to heat the tobacco contains  carbon monoxide,  metals, and other cancer-causing agents like polyaromatic hydrocarbons, adding another level of danger to hookah smokers.?? Hookah vs. Cigarettes A typical manufactured cigarette contains between 7 and 22 milligrams of  nicotine, depending on the brand, with about 1 mg being absorbed by the smoker.  An average hookah bowl contains as much nicotine as a pack of 20 cigarettes.  Nicotine is an addictive drug, so smoking hookah can be every bit as addictive as smoking cigarettes.?? Smokers inhale 500 to 600 ml of smoke in the 20 puffs it takes to smoke a cigarette. If theyre smoking hookah, which is typically an event lasting 45 minutes to an hour, smokers inhale approximately 90,000 ml of smoke and take as many as 200 puffs on the water pipe.?? Compared to traditional cigarette smoke, hookah smoke has about six times more  carbon monoxide  and 46 times more  tar, and hookah smokers may take in more of these toxins because inhalation through the water pipe requires a stronger drag for a longer period of time. It has been estimated that a single hookah session can cause smokers to absorb approximately the same amount of nicotine and  other chemicals  as they would if they smoked two to 10 cigarettes a day, depending on how often they smoke hookah. Health Concerns Hookah smokers are at risk for many of the same illnesses as cigarette smokers,?? such as Oral cancerLung cancerStomach cancerEsophageal cancer Hookah use is also  associated with decreased lung function and  heart disease,  and it can have a negative effect on fertility. Secondhand smoke  from a hookah is also hazardous.  If youre in the room with a lit hookah water pipe, youre breathing in cancer-causing toxins just as with secondhand cigarette smoke.?? Hookah smoking can also spread illness.  Because it is usually smoked in a social setting, with several people sharing the same pipe and sometimes the same mouthpiece, colds and other infections, including oral herpes, can be easily passed along.??     A Word From Verywell Hookah tobacco is addictive and every bit as hazardous to a smokers health as traditional cigarettes. A one-hour session of hookah smoking can expose smokers to as much nicotine and toxins as they would get from an entire  day or more of cigarette smoking.?? In the short-term, hookah smoking raises blood pressure and heart rate, which may increase the risk of heart attack and stroke. In the long-term, hookah smoking can contribute to a variety of cancers, heart disease, and lung disease.?? The best thing you can do for your health is to avoid all tobacco products because none of them are considered safe. Dont be lulled into thinking that smoking cessation is something you can put off until later in life.  The longer you wait, the more you risk.  Luckily, there are plenty of resources and support systems available that can help you quit smoking for good. How Bidi Cigarettes Are Dangerous to Your Health

Executive compensation scheme shareholder - Free Essay Example

Introduction Executive compensation is incentive payment to the executive who is acting as an agent to run the company on behalf of the shareholder. Cash compensation include the salary and bonus, while total compensation composed of long-term incentive payouts, the value of restricted stock grants, the value of stock option etc. The unexpected earnings and stock returns directly influenced changes in cash-based and total compensation but not changes in stock-based compensation. Literature review Nourayi and Daroca (2008), stated that the compensation scheme of the executive level is not have strongly related to firm performance. Found the compensation scheme also has a declining link to the performances of the company. Both this authors suggest that performance of the company is not related to only executive compensation scheme. Lee (2009) state, that the magnitude of the observed pay and performance relationship is too small to provide an effective incentive. In others hand that may look forward for executive compensation measure of performance, the management are trying to increase their incentive, there may induce future profitability (Nourayi.m, Mints.s.m, 2008) [online]. Conversely accounting based measurement about the company past performance (Nourayi.m, Mints.s.m, 2008). Nourayu.M and Mints.S.M (2008) state that the incentive paid using non- cash compensation (stock option grants) should be disclosed a pay performance scheme at executive level. The remuneration package typically includes a fixed component and a variable or incentive payment, which is largely paid as a cash bonus and a long term incentive including share option or other form of shares payment which should be disclosed in the corporate governance section of the company annual report (Lee.J, 2009). Nourayi and Mintz (2008), state that the any compensation scheme discloses to the financial report may lead the management purposely alter the financial report to mislead the shareholder or to influence contractual outcomes that depend on the financial accounting numbers. Nouray and Daroca(2008), state that the CEO compensation in regulated industries are influenced heavily by the accounting profit and operational growth as indicated by the increase in the number employees. Both author are stated that the large corporate, the CEO compensation more depend on the firm performance and paid by cash compensation. In other hand the smaller corporate, characterized by their cash flow problems, the executive compensation will tend to option based compensation. Lee (2009), state that the executive should have their own incentive package for the stewardships role. From the view of the Lee (2009) paid of compensation to encouragement the executive level is to increase corporate value and to retain key management for their performance. Nourayi and Mintz (2008) provide that, the sensitive companys performance is no longer tenure and Chief Executive Officers (CEO) of compensation. Drawing from Nourayi and Daroca (2008) result in research, state that the CEOs of the firm that have bad performance still got a higher compensation. Nourayi and Daroca (2008), has make the empirical research that the growth of the sales or shareholder return are not much related to the executive compensation, but are correlated to the earning, book value and per share dividend. In other hand the companies are using the stock option as compensation scheme; the (CEO) may manipulate the earning of the company to lead the share price increase and get higher return on the increasing share price (Nourayi.M.M, Mintz.S.M, 2008). The executive want to increase the value of the share, that may incurred the fraudulent activity in the company. Research by Nourayi and Daroca (2008) found that compensation holding of stock and option are little supported to deduce the shareholder agency cost and the value of the company. According to Lee (2009), when the executive are paid compensation using stock option may create a conflict of interest between the management and shareholder. These conflicts generally arise from the management motives to pursue their own interest at the expense of the shareholder (Lee.J 2009). Lee is providing that the top executive compensation have a significant positive relationship with the shareholder wealth. Compensation scheme The increase in the compensation scheme may influenced by the increase in sales in company, this increase in rate of compensation may known as the incentive reward to the CEO (Nourayi.M.M, Daroca.F.P, 2008). Sales, assets, and stock price performance, are less likely to be affected by the CEO discretionary choice (Nourayi.M.M, Mintz.S.M 2008). Nourayi.M.M and Daroca.F.P state that the politics may affect the executive compensation. Nourayi.M and Mintz.S.M. (2008) are discussed that when the company are provides others incentives other than the cash compensation measurements, this may lead to inaccuracies of accounting because of the difficulty in discerning the value in monetary term to show in company financial statement. Nourayi and Daroca (2008) state that the company provides the stock option in compensation scheme may incur conflict on the value of the compensation when disclose it. This is because the stock option only incurred the economic costs by the outside investors would pay for invest and does not provide an accounting cost or cash expenditure. Lee (2009) is stated that the compensation for CEO typically includes the base salary, a variable component, and other benefit. The variable component is regarded as performance-related the basis which management performance will be measured not reported in the annual report (Lee.J 2009). The compensation do not disclose to traditional financial statement, the compensation scheme is proposal by the executive themselves. The compensation scheme may direct correlated to the performance of the management. The high compensation may help CEO mange the company better. The good corporate may have committee remunerations to control the total of the compensation claim by the executive level in the company. Conclusion In the conclusion, the executive compensation should be proposal by the independence board of director. The level of the compensation scheme of the CEO do not set by one or close relationship person with the CEO. This will influence by the CEO to get higher compensation but provide the poor performance in company. The total compensation need to disclose to the annual report. To give the shareholder can have decided to continue employed the CEO to help them manage the corporate, to decide the corporation is manage in good status or not. The stock option compensation needs to disclose at the price of the day issues to the executive. The executive may need to monitor the rule and regulation in the country that lead the level of the compensation scheme in corporate may too high or low to executive level. Reference Lee,J, 2009. Executive performance-based remuneration, performance change and board structures. The International Journal of Accounting, UK Vol. 44, pp 138-162 [URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg_imagekey=B6W4P-4W3874D-1-1_cdi=6548_user=8187596_orig=search_coverDate=06%2F30%2F2009_sk=999559997view=cwchp=dGLbVlW-zSkzVmd5=d9559ecc007c2a6b1c67d353b6e22a71ie=/sdarticle.pdf] (Accessed date: 20/07/2009) Nourayi,M.M and Daroca,F.P, 2008 CEO compensation, firm performance and operational characteristics Managerial Finance vol.34 No. 8 pp. 562-584 [URL: https://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewPDF.jsp?contentType=ArticleFilename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Pdf/0090340804.pdf] (Accessed dated: 23/07/2009) Nourayi,M.M and Mintz,S.M, 2008 Tenure, firms performance, and CEOs compensation Managerial Finance vol.34, No 3 pp. 524-536 [URL: https://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do;jsessionid=3355AC1544DBC095B56E07D9ED60CBF7?contentType=ArticlehdAction=lnkpdfcontentId=1733175history=true] (Accessed dated: 20/ 07/2009) Bibliography Ang,J.S. and Constand,R.L, 1997 Compensation and performance: the case of Japanese managers and directors Journal Multinational Financial Management Vol. 7 pp. 275-304 [URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg_imagekey=B6VGV-3SX8BMF-1-1_cdi=6048_user=8233547_orig=na_coverDate=12%2F31%2F1997_sk=999929995view=cwchp=dGLzVtb-zSkzSmd5=c96040dd6413837aa4e1ee57b2480470ie=/sdarticle.pdf] (accessed dated: /07/2009) Brunello, G and Graziano, C, Parigi. 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The International Journal of Accounting, [online] UK Vol. 44, pp 138-162 URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg_imagekey=B6W4P-4W3874D-1-1_cdi=6548_user=8187596_orig=search_coverDate=06%2F30%2F2009_sk=999559997view=cwchp=dGLbVlW-zSkzVmd5=d9559ecc007c2a6b1c67d353b6e22a71ie=/sdarticle.pdf (accessed date : 20/07/2009) Michael F, Peter M.Y. F, Oliver M. R, 2006. Corporate performance and CEO compensation in China Journal of Corporate Finance vol-12 pages 693 714[Online] [URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg_imagekey=B6VFK-4GGXX91-1-3_cdi=6013_user=8233547_orig=na_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2006_sk=999879995view=cwchp=dGLbVtz-zSkWzmd5=098f43a768ee82d17f359d83e536c3e6ie=/sdarticle.pdf] [Accessed: 8July 2009] Nourayi,M.M and Daroca,F.P, 2008 CEO compensation, firm performance and operational characteristics Managerial Finance [online] vol.34 No.8 pp.562-584 [URL: https://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewPDF.jsp?contentType=ArticleFilename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Pdf/0090340804.pdf] (Accessed dated: 23/07/2009) Nourayi,M.M and Mintz,S.M, 2008 Tenure, firms performance, and CEOs compensation Managerial Finance vol.34, No 3 pp. 524-536 [URL: https://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do;jsessionid=3355AC1544DBC095B56E07D9ED60CBF7?contentType=ArticlehdAction=lnkpdfcontentId=1733175history=true] (Accessed dated: 20/ 07/2009)