Life in the Ocean an Example by

Life in the Ocean by Expert Prof Nelly | 07 Dec 2016 Question: Need essay sample on "Life in the Ocean" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed What is picoplankton and why is it important in the ecology of the ocean? Answer: Planktons with cells that range from 0.2 and 2.0 m are called picoplanktons. There are two types of picoplanktons depending on their feeding preferences: the photosynthetic picoplankton and the heterotrophic picoplankton. The former is the plankton that dominates the central oligotrophic regions. These regions have scarce supply of nutrients. There are three major groups under this type: cyanobacteria (Synechococcus), cyanobacteria (Prochlorococcus), and picoplanktonic eukaryotes. This plankton is important since, aside from the biological pump that distributes nutrients in the depths, it synthesizes the available nutrients to provide nutrients to other organisms in the area. The latter type of plankton, as its name suggests, is the type of plankton that do not perform photosynthesis. It can be either prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Heterotrophic picoplanktons can be found on both seawater and freshwater environments. These picoplanktons are important in the carbon cycle since they feed on organic matter (i.e. waste products, carcasses of dead creatures) descended into the depths. These creatures help in maintaining the cleanliness in the ocean floor. Question: Salinity and osmotic balance are closely related. Discuss how organisms compensate for changes in salinity when they move from the ocean to an estuary, as occurs with various species of shrimp and fish during their life cycle. Ans.: The blue crabs, shrimp, and lobsters, also called decapod crustaceans, are some of the species in which salinity is part of their life cycle. Salinity is important in the regulation of internal ion concentration of the crustaceans, decapods and fishes. In the case of the blue crabs, most of the time, the adults are found in the estuarine environment where there is a relatively low-salinity water. After mating, the female blue crab journeys into the deeper parts of the ocean to release the fertilized eggs. The grass shrimp, Palaemonetes vulgaris, also live in the low-salinity water of the estuaries. The changes in the salinity levels across the estuaries into the ocean depths are compensated by changes in the ion concentration of the species. In this way, the organisms are able to survive and complete their life cycle. During their larval stage, high salinity inhibits growth of some types of pathogenic organisms and invasive species thus shrimps and other crustaceans and fishes usually lay their eggs in high-salinity waters, e.g. ocean. The organisms then return to the low-salinity waters when they mature or reach optimum stage for survival and completion of the life cycle. Question: How does the fossilization process take place in marine organisms? Go to the web sites indicated at the end of Supplemental Activity 3 of Chapter 21 in The Endless Voyage Study Guide, and answer the question in a brief manner (not a report). Ans.: Fossil preservation of organisms depends upon three key factors: type of animal, environment, and events after death. In arid, acidic and tropical environments, bones are usually decomposed at faster rates while in the marine environment, there are factors (i.e. salinity) that serve as preservatives of the remains thus allowing preservation of the organisms details after it dies, called fossil. Fossilization in marine organisms is accomplished through rapid sedimentation and absence of process interruption. When the organism dies, its remains are quickly covered by sand or mud and some organic matter that descends from the ocean surface to the abyss. This will bury the remains and in effect, it will be protected from disturbances for thousands or even millions of years. The remains will not be available for scavengers which are present in the open environments inland. It will also be protected from erosion and washing away as well as decomposing bacteria. The sedimentation process will continue and after sometime, the surrounding sediments will harden into rocks, layers of rocks formed from sediments and remains of the organism. Organisms details maybe omitted in the process depending on the type of rock and mineral deposits that buried it. The most common types are calcite and aragonite (both form of calcium carbonate), quartz and silica. References: Thornton-Devictor, S. (2004). Transitions to the Deep: Adaptations in Decapod Crustaceans for Life Along the 3130N Atlantic Transect. Retrieved April 22, 2007, from http://www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/04etta/background/decapods/decapods.html#top Oram, J.J. (2005). Patterns of Temperature, Salinity, and Suspended Particulate Material in San Francisco Estuary: Water Year 2005 in the Context of Previous Water Years. Retrieved April 23, 2007, from http://www.sfei.org/rmp/2004to05/AMR_2004-2005_Ch7_Patterns.pdf Dinosaur Fossilization (n.d.). Retrieved April 23, 2007, from http://www.dinoruss.org/de_4/5c60e6e.htm How Fossils Form (n.d.). Retrieved April 23, 2007, from http://www.zoomschool.com/subjects/dinosaurs/dinofossils/Fossilhow.html

why would labour regard ...... essays

why would labour regard ...... essays Why would labour regard globalisation as a threat? Globalisation is the term that refers to the acceleration and intensification of mechanisms, processes and activities that are allegedly promoting global interdependence and perhaps, ultimately, global political and economic integration. At its core it is a revolutionary concept, involving the destruction of social, political, economic, and cultural life. Yet it would be a mistake to view Globalisation detestably as these views are only opinions! On the other hand Globalisation has had made positive changes to the international scene. It has given the world a single growing single consciousness. Communication has become instantaneous and travel takes no less than a day to the other side of the world. International travel has increased by more than 3 million from the 1980s as some sources quote! Technology has improved vastly over the last decade as communication gives access to new information, new ideas, and foreign markets. The world is becoming to cooperate more when faced with a single enemy such as terrorism, global warming, and drug trade. Globalisation also erodes cultural differences and tensions. To some extent sovereignty has been minimized, as borders no longer exists. Now domestic policy is influenced only by global market fluctuations. It is insufficient, to criticize globalization as an undesirable process, which it clearly is. Globalization leaves broken people, families, communities and societies in its wake. Its critics face two quandaries regarding what, if anything, can counter those impacts. The first is to propose a more desirable process. The second is to suggest ways of mitigating undesirable consequences, if no more desirable alternative exists. In terms of the ongoing reality, it will be almost impossible for political action to affect it very much. (Jobes, 2003) Finally, critics detect a major change in the international division of labor....

Cómo sacar Número Seguro Social para niño y beneficios

Cà ³mo sacar Nà ºmero Seguro Social para nià ±o y beneficios   Los padres y madres de nià ±os que son ciudadanos americanos pueden solicitar su hijo un Nà ºmero del Seguro Social (SSN, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). En este artà ­culo se explica cà ³mo sacarlo, distinguiendo los trmites segà ºn si se solicita en el momento del nacimiento o posteriormente o, incluso, en el caso de que el menor est fuera de los Estados Unidos. Tambià ©n se informa de para quà © sirve el SSN y cundo los menores pueden tener derechos a recibir un cheque de la Administracià ³n del Seguro Social.  ¿Cà ³mo sacar Nà ºmero de Seguro Social para un nià ±o? Los trmites para sacar el SSN para un nià ±o depende de las circunstancias particulares de cada caso. Asà ­, si nace en Estados Unidos, lo ms conveniente es hacerlo al mismo tiempo que se aplica por el certificado de nacimiento (birth certificate). En ese momento se pregunta a los padres si desean pedir el Nà ºmero del Seguro Social para su recià ©n nacido. Si dicen que sà ­, el padre y la madre deben comunicar cul es su propio SSN, si no lo tienen o si solo lo tiene uno, no pasa nada. El bebà © tendr derecho a su tarjeta. A continuacià ³n, la oficina de de Rà ©cords Vitales del lugar de nacimiento se pone en contacto con la Administracià ³n del Seguro Social y à ©sta enviar la tarjeta por correo. Para evitar problemas, se recomienda que el nombre del bebà © està © en el buzà ³n de correos, ya que en algunos estados los carteros pueden no entregar la tarjeta si el nombre del destinatario no est incluido en el buzà ³n. Sin embargo, si el nià ±o  nace  en Estados Unidos pero se aplica por el Seguro Social en un momento posterior, habr que presentar los documentos siguientes: En primer lugar, debe completarse la planilla (forma) SS-5. En segundo lugar, debe probarse la ciudadanà ­a americana y  edad del menor para el que se pide el SSN. Generalmente puede utilizarse el certificado de nacimiento, pero tambià ©n son vlidos el reporte consular de nacimiento en el exterior, el pasaporte americano y los certificados de naturalizacià ³n o el de ciudadanà ­a. Tambià ©n debe probarse la identidad del menor. Para ello el documento que se prefiere es el pasaporte, si no lo hay puede presentarse el rà ©cord de la escuela o la tarjeta de identificacià ³n escolar, el certificado de adopcià ³n, rà ©cords de la clà ­nica en la que nacià ³n o rà ©cords bautismales Asimismo, debe probarse la identidad del padre, la madre o guardin legal que solicita la tarjeta para el nià ±o. Original o copia certificada, no se admiten fotocopias. Finalmente, si el menor ya ha cumplido los 12 aà ±os de edad, deber presentarse en persona en una oficina del Seguro Social  para ser entrevistado. En este caso la tarjeta del Seguro Social puede demorarse  tres meses. Si se trata de un nià ±o nacido fuera de Estados Unidos pero que es estadounidense porque uno o ambos de sus padres pueden transmitirle la nacionalidad se puede solicitar la tarjeta del SSN en el momento en el que se hace la cita con la embajada o consulado para solicitar el Reporte Consular de Nacimiento en el Exterior. El Reporte Consular es el documento que sirve para probar que ese nià ±o, nacido en el exterior, es estadounidense.  ¿Para quà © se utiliza el SSN de un nià ±o? Los nià ±os  no estn obligados a sacar un SSN. Pero es muy conveniente que lo tengan porque es necesario para, entre otras cosas: Desgravar por à ©l o ella a la hora de llenar las planillas de impuestos (income tax return)Para que puedan recibir beneficios del gobierno, como Medicaid, CHIP o cupones de alimentosPara abrir una cuenta bancaria a su nombrePara recibir pagos por parte de la Administracià ³n del Seguro Social  ¿Cundo un nià ±o puede recibir un pago de la Administracià ³n del Seguro Social? Los menores de 18 aà ±os que estn solteros pueden recibir un pago de la Administracià ³n del Seguro Social si son cuidados por un padre, madre o uno de los abuelos y à ©stos fallecen, se jubilan o reciben beneficios por incapacidad (disability, en inglà ©s). El menor que est estudiando a tiempo completo en high school podrà ­a recibir ese pago mientras no cumpla los 19 aà ±os de edad. Adems, los menores que sufren una incapacidad podrà ­an recibir tambià ©n un pago. Dicho beneficio podrà ­a extenderse ms all de los 18 aà ±os siempre y cuando la incapacidad fuera declarada antes de cumplir los 22 aà ±os. 3 curiosidades sobre el SSN El Nà ºmero del Seguro Social es el mismo para toda la vida de una persona. No cambia, si bien en casos extraordinarios se puede solicitar un nà ºmero nuevo como, por ejemplo, si el solicitante ha sufrido un robo de identidad o en los casos de và ­ctimas de violencia para evitar que el abusador pueda encontrarlas. Es uno de los documentos que se admiten para completar la lista C del I-9, para probar que se puede trabajar legalmente en Estados Unidos, excepto en lo casos de SSN emitidos en una tarjeta en la que se especifique not valid for employment. Finalmente, no es obligatorio llevar en todo momento la tarjeta. Por el contrario, es aconsejable dejarla en casa guardada en un lugar seguro. SSN y actividades ilegales Es ilegal cualquiera de las situaciones siguientes: Utilizar el SSN de otra personaMentir para obtener una tarjeta. Es un fraude de ley.Comprar, vender o de cualquier modo alterar o manipular la tarjeta del SSN. En caso de utilizacià ³n ilegal del nà ºmero de la tarjeta del seguro social de un menor, se puede denunciar  por internet en www.idtheft.gov o marcando al nà ºmero 1-877-438-4338. Puntos clave: Nà ºmero del Seguro Social para un nià ±o Los nià ±os no estn obligados a tener tarjeta del Nà ºmero del Seguro Social (SSN)Sin tarjeta SSN no es posible desgravar por un nià ±o ni los menores pueden cobrar beneficios como pagos de la Administracià ³n del Seguro Social.El SSN para un menor puede solicitarse conjuntamente con el Certificado de Nacimiento, posteriormente o, en el caso de estadounidenses nacidos en el exterior, en el momento de registrarlos en el consulado solicitando el Reporte Consular de Nacimiento en el Exterior.Si se cree que se est haciendo un uso fraudulento del SSN de un menor, se puede denunciar marcando al 1-877-438-4338. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Write a discussion and conclusion for every chart Essay

Write a discussion and conclusion for every chart - Essay Example rvey respondents (international students) had no close American friends and would have liked more meaningful interaction with people born here† (par. 3). As such, racial discrimination still exists as the primary cause of discrimincation in contemporary university settings. Figure 2 illustrates that from among the causes of discrimination, stereotyping was identified by 7 out of 17 respondents as the predominant cause; followed by media (5); lack of knowledge (2) and gender differences (2); and poverty (1). Although poverty was noted only by one respondent as the cause of discrimination, the study written by Moorman & Wicks-Smith (2012) that â€Å"with one quick look students are generally able to size up who is wealthy and who is poor; who is a "have" and who is a "have not"† (p. 141). As such, stereotyping was the predominant cause of discrimination that is an indication of social perceptions that have persistent through time. Figure 3 illustrates that from 19 respondents, it was revealed that only 48% or 9 respondents have average knowledge about discrimination support networks; followed by 26% who does not have much knowledge; 16% who have some knowledge; and 5% for both sets of respondents who are on the extremes – a lot of knowledge and no knowledge at all. The average knowledge of students on the presence of discrimination networks indicate that there are majority of students who could not avail and access support due to insufficient awareness of the existence of support networks to address discrimination issues. As indicated, school psychologists are identified to assume the crucial role of enhancing awareness, to wit: â€Å"working for social justice in the educational setting means guiding students and staff to reflect critically on their roles in proliferating racism and discrimination and supporting systemic change to prevent ongoing inequities† (NASP, 2012, p. 2). Figure 4 illustrates the results on the methods deemed most effective by

Editorial Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Editorial - Essay Example Certain situations like the case of Diane Pretty of Luton reflect that life may at times be in such a condition that death would seem to be a solution to their pains. Diane whose body had become paralyzed from the neck had to be fed through a pipe. The pain and sufferings of the woman made her wish that she died peacefully and with dignity before the disease killed her (Right-to-die case dismissed). Although courts did not allow her to take the step, but situations like these support the act of euthanasia where an individual may require the need to get ultimate relief. Several arguments point in support of the practice. A change in the outlook has been observed that reflects that doctors and professionals in countries like the United States are becoming supportive of the act if it is made legal (Otlowski, 326-327). Several organizations in Washington also support the act including National Association of Social Work, the American Civil Liberties Union of Washington, and many others (Cundiff, 84). The support mainly arises from the fact that an individual who would never recover may choose to die since the process would relieve the person from his pains. Others viewers believe that euthanasia should be a punishable offence. Since it is a completely private preference, no one from outside should perform such an act on another individual (Somerville, 77). The practice of euthanasia has also been opposed on ethical grounds as well that can be reflected through theories like Divine Command Theory and Kant’s Moral Theory. The Divine Command Theory opposes all sorts of activities related to euthanasia supporting normal death of an individual. Kant’s Moral Theory focuses on the main objectives of undertaking euthanasia and determines the consequences before deciding on supporting or not supporting the act (Stewart, 81-89). The main reason for majority of people not supporting the act of euthanasia is because they believe that â€Å"life is the most

Dracula Essay Example for Free

Dracula Essay Good vs. Evil has long been expressed through movies and books throughout history. Batman beating the Joker, Spiderman banishing the Green Goblin, and Arthur and the guys defeating Dracula are all examples of literature based on the theme Good vs. Evil. In Bram Stokers, Dracula, Jonathan Harker represents the good, while the vampire, Dracula, represents the evil antagonist. One thing these four pieces share is that evil never fully overcomes good. They all start off as regular human beings, or on the good side, until their spirit and soul becomes taken over by a sense of evil. Gothic elements, such as, an atmosphere of mystery and suspense, supernatural events, gloom and horror, the tyrannical male, and the woman in distress are all present in these stories. The movie Interview with a Vampire, The Singing Springing Lark, and the story Interview with a Vampire can relate to Dracula because of their themes and gothic elements. The movie Interview with a Vampire is very similar to the story Dracula. It starts off in a dark night scene filled with dull and heavy music. Also, during the fight scene, the setting included thunderstorms and pouring rain. This shows metonymy because the dark and heavy music represents death and terror and the thunderstorms and rain were used to create a setting of darkness and fear. Other gothic elements shown in this movie were Lucy’s pale skin, the castle setting, and the exchanging of blood. In the Lindauer 2 story Dracula, Lucy’s skin starts to become very pale because she has been bitten by Dracula, which is what happened in the movie. This represents the gothic element tyrannical male, because of Dracula’s presentation of overpowering the other characters, more specifically Mina and Lucy. This directly relates to the gothic element women in distress because the women in both stories were treated poorly and were taken advantage of due to their weaknesses. In the story, The Singing Springing Lark, there are also many similarities to Dracula. For example, as in Interview with a Vampire also, most of the scenes take place in a castle. This shows the gothic element setting in a castle. As in most stories, a castle usually represents evil spirits and terror, which Dracula and the Beast both represent. Another gothic element shown is an atmosphere of mystery and suspense. In the story, the prince was hesitant to meet the girl’s family because â€Å"for if a ray from a burning light were to fall on him there, he would be transformed into a dove, and would have to fly with doves for seven years.† This is an important quote because in the story Dracula, the boys had figured out that Dracula’s evil spirit was weakest during the times of sunrise and sunset. If they didn’t get to him before the sun set, his powers were going to be restored. In other words, the change from dark to light represents a change from evil to good. In the story Interview with a Vampire, the plot line is almost exactly the same. For example, â€Å"The mere sight of a bared throat could bring about in me such a taste of arousal that I became like an animal, incapable of language or restraint.† This quote shows tyrannical male because it compares how Armand and Dracula are both similar in the way they kill their prey. They both attack where the blood is rich just like animals do and dominate their prey. It also Lindauer 3 shows a sexual side because the mere fact of killing got both of these characters aroused. For example, â€Å"With his left hand he held both Mrs. Harkers hands, keeping them away with her arms at full tension; his right hand gripped her by the back of the neck, forcing her face down on his bosom. Her white nightdress was smeared with blood, and a thin stream trickled down the mans bare breast which was shown by his torn-open dress.†(Stoker 283) This quote shows women in distress because it describes how Mina, in a sense, was raped. Just Armand, Dracula finds pleasure in killing, and transforming good into evil. One thing that all of these pieces share is that evil never overcomes good. Although evil makes its presence known and dominates at first, good prevails in the end. The movie Interview with a Vampire, The Singing Springing Lark, and the story Interview with a Vampire can relate to Dracula because of their themes and gothic elements. As Theodore Roosevelts once said, The forces that tend for evil are great and terrible, but the forces of truth and love and courage and honesty and generosity and sympathy are stronger than any before.

Significance Of Ritual In North American Indian Religion Essay

Significance of Ritual in North American Indian Religion When scholars study religion, the tendency exists to focus on the mythological aspects of the religion in an attempt to understand the major underlying concepts present. However, an equally rewarding study often can be accomplished through the careful analysis of the religion's ritual aspects. This is especially true when studying North American Indian religions where there is an abundance of elaborate rituals that play a significant role in their culture. By closely examining the details and symbolism of ritual movements, we can gather some basic understanding of what is seen to be of value in a certain theology. While most Native American rituals tend to be mono-cultural, there are a few rituals that frequently appear in many different regions and tribes across North America. Two of these widespread rituals are the ritual of the "sacred pipe," and sweat lodge ceremonials. The sacred pipe ritual is loaded with symbolic meaning, and offers a generous insight into Native American belief systems. This essay will first look at the dynamics of the sacred pipe ritual and offer some explanation into its religious significance, then draw some parallels to the more common sweat lodge ceremony. If a recurring spiritual theme appears in separate rituals, it can be considered evidence of a consistent, structured belief system. The use of smoking pipes in Native American cultures is a popular and very ancient practice. Direct predecessors of the modern pipe appear 1,500 years ago, and other less relevant pipes can be found as far back as 2,500 years ago. The distinguishing characteristic of the sacred pipe is that the bowl is separable from the long stem, and the two parts are kept apart except during ritual use. The pipe is seen as a holy object and is treated with much respect. This type of ceremonial pipe was used by tribes ranging from the Rocky Mountain range to the Atlantic, and from the Gulf of Mexico to James Bay. It did not penetrate into Pacific coast or Southwest cultures, where tubular pipes were preferred. Inter-tribal trading helped the practice of this particular ritual spread rapidly, because in order for peaceful trade relations to take place some form of ritual had to be observed. Resp... ...placed on directions, especially east and west which is obviously derived from the path of the sun. Also important are the upward and downward directions representing the male sky and the female earth, and the joining of the two to give life. The simple fact that these symbols are so widespread and evident in separate rituals suggests that the North American Indians had a strong religious foundation long before Europeans arrived and attempted to ‘teach' them religion. WORKS CITED LIST Brown, Joseph Van Epes. The Sacred Pipe: Black Elk's Account of the Seven Rites of the Oglala Sioux. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1953. Coorigan, Samuel W, ed. Readings in Aboriginal Studies Brandon, Manitoba: Bearpaw Publishing, 1995. Hultkrantz, Ake. Belief and Worship in Native North America. Ed. Christopher Vecsey. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 1981. Robicsek, Francis. The Smoking Gods: Tobacco in Maya Art, History, and Religion. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1978. Steinmetz, Fr. Paul B., S.J. "The Sacred Pipe in American Indian Religions." American Indian Culture and Research Journal. 8(3): 27-80, 1984.

Production Strategy in China

Mattel outsources its production to China through its Vendor Operations Asia (VOA), based at Hong Kong. VOA outsources to suppliers who are based at Hong Kong having their production setups in mainland China. These suppliers have the wherewithal to cut through the complex regulations and bureaucracy in China.Mattel outsources only its non core products and short life cycle products to China, which can respond very fast to product changes and modifications due to its strengths in material processing and expertise in toy manufacturing.In House Production vs. Outsourcing:In house production offers significant control over quality, product safety, because of the direct control over the supply chain by the company. It protects the IP rights of the company by not giving the manufacturing expertise and designs to any supplier. On the other hand, in house production can cost significantly more than outsourcing. Also, the company has to acquire a wide management knowledge base, to excel in su pply chain management and manufacturing practices.Outsourcing significantly reduces production cost because of lower labor costs, lower inputs and material processing costs, and an existing infrastructure in manufacturing. So Mattel has better operational efficiency and reduced capital requirements. On the downside, quality is difficult to monitor, especially where there are secondary and tertiary suppliers who supply to the main vendor. A manufacturing plant needs to operate in an efficient manner. The support that is necessary for this is the supply chain, the costs of running a factory, including labor costs, and regulatory aspects of the country. The supply chain available in the country must be able to supply to this industry. Labor costs must be low and the local Government must be supportive of the venture.Offshoring and Outsourcing:When Mattel closes it American and European plants to set up its own manufacturing facilities in China, it is Offshoring. Offshoring happens when the company wants to manufacture by itself, but at a lower cost.When a Mattel factory in UK contracts out a portion of manufacturing to Poland or Mattel contracts an outside entity to completely manufacture a toy, it is outsourcing. Offshoring is a factory or operations shifting to some other country. Outsourcing is contracting an outside entity to do certain operations.Environmental Factors affecting Offshoring and Outsourcing in China:C hina has lax IP rules. Hence a supplier could end up manufacturing a look alike of Mattel toys and get away with it. China is very sensitive about labor issues and rights. Mattel’s suppliers and the VOA sit in Hong Kong and production happens in mainland China. Hence, it is very difficult to maintain and monitor quality. Rising costs in China are making suppliers evade safety standards.Amazon:Value Creation to Customers:Amazon creates value through its exceptional supply chain practices. These practices enable Amazon to offer a wide variety of products, at the lowest cost, with the best offers, at the fastest delivery time, with free shipping. These are achieved by   excellence in supply chain management, by establishing DC’s to cater to large demand groups and thus be able to serve customers quicker and better, generating higher sales.Amazon’s Strategy Evolution:Amazon started as a pure virtual e-marketing company, which will not stock its products but will o perate with strategic alliances and only shipping and sorting operations are done.To effectively serve its customers and to create value, the company has moved to becoming an e-marketing company which stocks, sorts and ships material with a very complex and sophisticated own supply chain and allied operations. It allows customers to sell their own products and partners with other sites that are looking for a channel. It has moved from an e-marketing company to a global internet channel brand.Amazon’s US and European Strategy:The US is a large market with no differences in terms of culture. So Amazon is dealing with customers who have the same language and lifestyles. In Europe, the company can not replicate its US strategies in totem. There are three different large markets in Europe: UK, Germany & France.Each has a different language, lifestyles and requirements. While in the US, the DC’s can effectively stock the same items and supply them to the target geographies. But in Europe, with three different portals supplying different products, the strategy is different. Also, Europe has different regulations to be complied with in terms of pricing. So Amazon relies on postal agencies, for their efficiency and low costs to provide free shipping and thus show a saving for the customer.Amazon started taking checks and postal orders to increase market penetration. In Europe, there were book wholesalers, so Amazon had to enter into direct partnerships with hundreds of publishers, unlike the US. Vendors do not operate on EDN, so time taken for fulfillment of orders is more and also uncertainty of shipped quantity.

The Critical Aspects of Education Research Planning

According to the United States Government's â€Å"National Directions in Education Research Planning,† educational research planning must emphasize focus and selectivity in curriculum design and â€Å"concentrate on those areas that the public and profession believe are important as well as those that will become important,† to render education practical for student's future lives outside of the classroom. Student learning is the touchstone issue and there must be â€Å"a particular but by no means exclusive emphasis on the challenges presented by ever-growing diversity and inequality. † (Timpane, 1998) Additionally, the selection of specific areas of inquiry for teachers, through the use of objective research, must be clear enough to â€Å"build strategies consisting of related projects executed over time. † The candidates for the â€Å"short list of research priorities seemed rather obvious: continued focus on reading and language learning; expanded attention to mathematics; the dynamics of teacher performance and effectiveness in schools and classrooms; and new emphasis on technology and telecommunications, international studies, and learning in family, community, and workplace settings. Peer planning amongst teachers was also deemed critical in preparing students for the future in a practical fashion, given research-based statistical support as to its effectiveness. (Timpane, 1998) Individuals involved in educational research and improvement are able, by fulfilling these objectives of specificity and focus â€Å"to add more value to their own work and to the joint endeavor of learning. When an educational goal can be clearly stated and is future focused, educational progress becomes based on ideas that have a clear applicability to student's lives and futures, and also can be â€Å"validated by well-designed, well-executed research,† focused objectives are more easily â€Å"translated into success by well-qualified professionals† with clarity for students and teachers. (Timpane, 1998) Within every school or classroom, there is always a tension between creating a flexible and responsive community of individual learners and adhering to focused, validated, objective standards determined by outside professional sources. But even though standards cannot nor should not be rigidly applied, having a research based blueprint for how a district should operate is key to ensure that the â€Å"ideology of associational action and local democracy on the one hand† and â€Å"an adherence to essentially rational-bureaucratic approaches to planning and implementation† is kept in a state of balance, and students are adequately prepared to move on into a new educational community and teachers have a network of professional resources, guides, and support structures upon which they can shape their educational objectives and plans. (Chaskin, 2005)

How to Manage and Identify Pin Oak

How to Manage and Identify Pin Oak Pin oak or Quercus palustris is named for a characteristic where small, thin, dead branches stick out like pins from the main trunk. Pin oak is among the most widely planted native oaks in the urban landscape, the third most common street tree in New York City. It tolerates drought, poor soils and is easy to transplant. It is popular because of an attractive shape and trunk. The green, glossy leaves show brilliant red to bronze fall color. In many cases, the pin oak can tolerate wet sites but be careful to manage watering and avoid wet sites. Specifics on Quercus Palustris Scientific name: Quercus palustrisPronunciation: KWERK-us pal-US-trissCommon name(s): Pin OakFamily: FagaceaeUSDA hardiness zones: USDA hardiness zones: 4 through 8AOrigin: native to North AmericaUses: large parking lot islands; wide tree lawns; recommended for buffer strips around parking lots or for median strip plantings in the highway; tree has been successfully grown in urban areas where air pollution, poor drainage, compacted soil, and/or drought are common. The Pin Oak Cultivars The lower branches on pin oak cultivars ‘Crown Right’ and ‘Sovereign’ do not grow down at a 45-degree angle as does the non-cultivar. This branch angle can make the tree unmanageable in close urban settings. These cultivars are thought to be better suited than the natural species as street and parking lot trees. However, graft incompatibility often leads to future trunk failure on these cultivars. Description of Pin Oak Height: 50 to 75 feetSpread: 35 to 40 feetCrown uniformity: symmetrical canopy with a regular (or smooth) outline  and individuals have more or less identical crown formsCrown shape: pyramidalCrown density: moderateGrowth rate: mediumTexture: medium Leaf Details Leaf arrangement: alternateLeaf type: simpleLeaf margin: lobed; partedLeaf shape: deltoid; oblong; obovate; ovateLeaf venation: pinnateLeaf type and persistence: deciduousLeaf blade length: 4 to 8 inches; 2 to 4 inchesLeaf color: greenFall color: copper; redFall characteristic: showy Trunk and Branches Can Be a Problem Trunk/bark/branches: bark is thin and easily damaged from mechanical impact; droop as the tree grows and will require pruning for vehicular or pedestrian clearance beneath the canopy; should be grown with a single leaderPruning requirement: needs little pruning to develop a strong structureBreakage: susceptible to breakage either at the crotch due to poor collar formation or the wood itself is weak and tends to breakCurrent year twig color: brown; greenCurrent year twig thickness: thin Pruning May Be Necessary Lower branches on a pin oak will require removal when used as a street or parking lot tree as they tend to droop and hang on the tree. The persistent lower branches can be attractive on a roomy large open lawn because of its picturesque habit when open-grown. The trunk is typically straight up through the crown, only occasionally developing a double leader. Prune any double or multiple leaders out as soon as they are recognized with several prunings in the first 15 to 20 years after planting. Pin Oak Environment Light requirement: tree grows in full sunSoil tolerances: clay; loam; sand; acidic; extended flooding; well-drainedDrought tolerance: moderateAerosol salt tolerance: lowSoil salt tolerance: poor Pin Oak - The Details Pin Oak develops nicely on moist, acid soils and is tolerant of compaction, wet soil, and urban conditions. When grown in acidic soil, pin oak can be a handsome specimen tree. The lower branches tend to droop, middle branches are horizontal and branches in the upper part of the crown grow upright. The straight trunk and small, well-attached branches make Pin Oak an extremely safe tree to plant in urban areas. It is extremely vigorous as far south as USDA hardiness zone 7b but may grow slowly in USDA hardiness zone 8a. It is very sensitive to soil pH above the high 6’s. It is water tolerant and is native to stream banks and flood plains. Pin Oak grows well in areas where water stands for several weeks at a time. One of the adaptive mechanisms of Pin Oak is a fibrous, shallow root system which allows it to tolerate flooded soil conditions. But as with any other tree, do not plant it in standing water or allow water to stand around the roots until the tree has become established in the landscape. Several years are needed after transplanting for the tree to develop this type of adaptive root system, and subjecting it to flooding too early could kill it. Plant trees in a slightly raised mound or bed if the  soil is poorly drained.

Spelling and Pronunciation

Spelling and Pronunciation Spelling and Pronunciation Spelling and Pronunciation By Maeve Maddox Posts on the topic of pronunciation usually provoke a lot of attention, often drawing heated defenses of one pronunciation over another and suggesting that only one can ever be â€Å"correct.† In fact, â€Å"correct† pronunciation differs from century to century and from region to region. Words are affected by pronunciation changes of two kinds: 1. Changes that have taken centuries to develop, the kind that have transformed Old English into the English spoken today. 2. Changes that began as a deliberate alteration of the established pronunciation for some purpose or other. According to Ida A. Ward (The Phonetics of English), the latter type of change arises through some person who deliberately adopts a new pronunciation because he thinks it better; it is an affectation on his part. At first it is probably regarded as a false refinement by those who do not use it, but gradually by frequent repetition, the new pronunciation spreads, and a succeeding generation acquires it as its natural pronunciation. This type of deliberate change probably dates from the 16th- 18th centuries when scholars busied themselves with the â€Å"refinement† of English spelling to make it reflect Latin or Greek origins. One change was to introduce an extra consonant sound into words that did not have them. For example, our word perfect entered English from Norman French as parfet or parfit, as in Chaucer’s â€Å"He was a veray parfit gentil knight.† The modern form perfect acquired its c to show the derivation from Latin perfectio. The English pronunciation eventually changed to reflect the /k/ sound represented by the c. The same thing happened to Norman French verdit when the spelling was changed to verdict. On the other hand, Norman French endite, spelled indict in modern English, is still pronounced without a k sound in spite of the c: /in-DITE/. The word victual, pronounced vittle by many speakers, is another holdout against spelling pronunciation. The consonant d was added to the word aventure to produce modern adventure. In 1701, an observer listed several words that were spelled with d’s and t’s that were not pronounced in speech at that time: of(t)en Chris(t)mas cos(t)ly ghos(t)ly mos(t)ly roas(t) beef husban(d) pagean(t) We(d) nesday wris(t)band Wil(t)shire frien(d) ly han(d)maid fon(d)le can(d)le han(d)le chil(d)ren Modern speakers pronounce the d or t in most of these words, but not in all. The pronunciation of at least two of the words- often and Wednesday- is hotly contested in comment columns on sites such as this one. So far, native speakers don’t try to pronounce the t in castle or listen, but some preachers have been heard to insert it into apostle and epistle. Speakers who become really put out with people who pronounce the l in palm, calm, and almond, probably think nothing of pronouncing the l in fault, falter, vault, Walter, falcon, almanac and cauldron- all words that had the l inserted after they’d been adopted into English without it. Spelling pronunciations that are well established in the language, regardless of their â€Å"original† form, are no longer contested. More recent innovations, like restoring the t in often or pronouncing the l in almond, remain the stuff of blogging controversy. Related posts: How Do You Pronounce â€Å"Often†? L Words in English Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:60 Synonyms for â€Å"Walk†50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and FingersWoof or Weft?

Ethnographic Film and Post Colonial Discourse Essay

Ethnographic Film and Post Colonial Discourse - Essay Example Hybridity is given as antidote to essentialism, or "the belief in invariable and fixed properties which define the 'whatness' of a given entity"3. This kind of mutation modifies the established pattern with a 'mutual and mutable' representation of cultural difference that is considered in-between the colonizer and colonized. 4) Arif Dirlik, who developed Said's theory of Orintalism, proposes one more point of view. Dirlik suggested that the Orientals are striving to protect themselves by the shield of Orientalism; however living in the globalized world, they do not break ancestral traditions and rules. Most of ethnographic films represent postcolonial discourse in different meanings, but the 'red line' of such films is approximately the same: problem of an individual who has to acculturate and accept an unfamiliar outlook. More and more cinema festivals are dedicated exactly to ethnographic films, more and more film directors got interested in this topic from the time of inventing motion pictures up to nowadays. In this essay it is necessary to mention such masterpieces as "Act of War - The Overthrow of the Hawaiian Nation", "Nanook of the North", "First contact" and "The River" (Reka). "Act of War -"Act of War - The Overthrow of the Hawaiian Nation" (1993, made by Punipau and Joan Lander). In 1778, when the British traveler Captain James Cook and his crew landed at Hawaii, they were surprised to find hard-working people and a highly developed civilization. At the same time, for the Native Hawaiians, this first contact with Europeans caused a lot of events that completely derived them of their independence and culture. This provocative documentary chronicle included photographs and commentaries and re-produced the period of American annexation of Hawaii in 1898. The struggle of authentic Hawaiians against social, political and cultural invasion was vividly shown in this film. "Nanook of the North" was created by legendary Robert Flaherty in 1921, is possibly one of the best known of the silent era documentaries. Flaherty had undertaken a long voyage to the sub-Arctic eastern coast of Hudson Bay during which he filmed the landscape and filmed Eskimo communities. Flaherty's intention was to make a film collaborating with the local inhabitants. Also he discovered problematic side of the Inuit community as some kind of "eternal", noble race that lives in total isolation and is resistant to westernization. Flaherty perfectly re-created an Eskimo culture: the main character's everyday life including hunting seal, fishing, building igloo was caught by Flaherty's camera. The directors shares his incredible respect to a culture that has learned to not just survive but flourish in such a severe environment. The main theme of film can be formulated as following: "humanity against the nature, but human is the nature". Problem westernization